- Text annotating systems
According to Wikipedia, an annotation is a syntexsix made of information in a book, document, online record, video, software code or other information. It is commonly used in different ways or cases such as in draft documents, where another reader has written notes about the quality of a document at a certain point, “in the margin”, or perhaps just underlined or highlighted passages. Annotated bibliographies, however, give descriptions about how each source is useful to an author in constructing a paper or argument. Creating these comments, usually a few sentences long, establishes a summary for and expresses the relevance of each source prior to writing.
- Markup languages
According to Wikipedia, Markup Language is a system for annotating a text in a way which is syntactically distinguishable from that text. Examples include revision instructions by editors, traditionally written with a blue pencil on authors’ manuscripts, typesetting instructions such those found in troff and LaTeX and structural markers such as XML tags. Markup is typically omitted from the version of the text which is displayed for end-user consumption. Some markup languages, like HTML have presentation semantics, meaning their specification prescribes how the structured data is to be presented, but other markup languages, like XML, have no predefined semantics.
A well-known example of a markup language in widespread use today is HyperText Markup Language (HTML), one of the document formats of the World Wide Web. HTML is mostly an instance of SGML (though, strictly, it does not comply with all the rules of SGML) and follows many of the markup conventions used in the publishing industry in the communication of printed work between authors, editors, and printers.
- Presentation semantics
According to Wikipedia, when we talk about computer science, particularly in human-computer interaction, presentation semantics specify how a particular piece of a formal language is represented in a distinguished manner accessible to human senses, usually human vision. For example, saying that <bold> ... </bold> must render the text between these constructs using some bold typeface is a specification of presentation semantics for that syntax. An example of interactive presentation semantics is defining the expect behavior of a hypertext link on a suitable syntax.
Many markup languages like HTML, CSS, DSSSL, XSL-FO or troff have presentation semantics; however, other ones like XML, XLink and XPath do not have anypresentation semantics.
References:
- Annotation. (2009, December 31). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 12:23, January 28, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Annotation&oldid=335169395
- Markup language. (2010, January 22). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 12:24, January 28, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Markup_language&oldid=339363012
- Presentation semantics. (2009, September 3). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 12:25, January 28, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Presentation_semantics&oldid=311642767
